Becoming a grandmother--Has childbirth really changed?

Has Feminism Changed Physics?

Stuxnet: What Has Changed?

This paper considers the impact of Stuxnet on cyber-attacks and cyber-defense. It first reviews trends in cyber-weapons and how Stuxnet fits into these trends. Because Stuxnet targeted an industrial control system in order to wreak physical damage, the focus is on weapons that target systems of that type and produce physical effects. The paper then examines the impact of Stuxnet on various doma...

From cotton mills to composites; has the world of work really changed?

The last two hundred years has witnessed a remarkable transformation in the world of work. In the early 19th century, the industrial revolution introduced the ability to mechanise processes previously performed by people. As a consequence, workplaces became larger and more complicated. Change was not limited to the physical nature of the workplace: workers were also required to work differently...

The airway paradigm: what really changed?

not flow in blocks). For example, if malfunction of the inspiratory valve results in decreased resistance, it is conceivable that more than half of the expiratory gases might enter the inspiratory limb. This, in conjunction with the gas mixing between carbon dioxide–containing expiratory gases and carbon dioxide–free fresh gases may cause the final portion of the inspiratory tidal volume to con...

Has Scientific Communication Changed in 300 Years?

In a recent editorial I discussed the future of scientific publication. 1 I mentioned Joshua Lederberg’s EUGRAM— the process of sending messages and “publishing” papers via computer terminals. z While Lederberg’s preview of the future may cause some readers “future shock, ” I wondered how much different publication will be in 2001 than it was 300 years ago. Although the technology of producing ...